Supplemental effect of cholyltaurine and soybean lecithin to a soybean meal-based fish meal-free diet on hepatic and intestinal morphology of rainbow trout <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus mykiss</Emphasis>

The supplemental effects of cholyltaurine and soybean lecithin to a defatted soybean meal (SBM)-based fish meal-free diet on the hepatic and intestinal morphology of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were investigated. A fish meal-based diet (FM), three fish meal-free diets supplemented either with soybean lecithin (SL), bovine gall powder (BG) or cholyltaurine (C-tau) and an unsupplemented fish meal-free diet (NFM), were given to fish (−11 g) for 10 weeks. The growth was the lowest in fish fed diet NFM, intermediate in fish fed diet SL and the highest in fish fed diet FM, BG and C-tau. Hepatocytes of fish fed diet NFM were atrophied, and the distal intestine of these fish showed abnormal features: disintegrated microvilli and fatty degeneration in epithelial cells and increased amount of connective tissue in the submucosa. Hepatic and intestinal histological features in fish fed diets SL, BG and C-tau were similar to those in fish fed diet FM. These results indicate that soybean lecithin, bovine bile salts and cholyltaurine have similar effects on normalizing the hepatic and intestinal morphologies of rainbow trout fed the SBM-based diet, although growth promotion effect was limited in the soybean lecithin.     

猴头菌的药用价值概述

本文概述了猴头菌在医药方面的研究利用，包括抗溃疡、抗炎症、抗肿瘤，保肝护肝，抗衰老，降血糖、降血脂血压等方面的作用。     

肝脏与胰腺发育的分子调控

肝脏和胰腺均由内胚层发育而来的消化器官,它们广泛地参与糖代谢、脂类代谢和蛋白质代谢.肝脏和胰腺的发育是一个动态连续的过程,并受到多种信号途径及转录因子的调控.基于上述特点和显著的医用价值,笔者对肝脏和胰腺发育过程中的分子作用机理作了系统地阐述,这将不仅有助于理解与肝脏和胰腺相关疾病的发病机理.同时也为有效地指导相关疾病的预防及治疗工作提供分子理论基础.     

超饲诱导水禽肥肝形成的机制

一些蹼足类动物(如鹅和鸭)在长期的进化过程中,因适应性需要,肝脏具有沉积大量脂肪形成肥肝的遗传特性。生产上利用鹅和鸭的这种特殊遗传特性,进行短期人工强制超饲(填饲),形成营养因素所致的可逆的、获得性的脂肪变性,即鹅(鸭)肥肝。本文综述了肥肝形成的过程及可能的机制,同时提出了有待研究的问题。     

添加动植物性油脂填饲对鸭肥肝性能的差异影响

在骡鸭与樱桃谷鸭的填肥料中添加4%玉米油或鸭油,研究添加动植物油脂填饲对鸭产肝性能的差异影响。结果表明:添加玉米油,与添加鸭油填饲相比,2个品种鸭获得较高的肝重与较低的料肝比,且骡鸭添加玉米油组的肥肝率显著高于鸭油组(高出30%);经填饲,骡鸭的肥肝重较樱桃谷鸭高,同时料肝比较低,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。意味着肥肝生产中,填饲时添加玉米油较添加鸭油更利于提高产肝性能;并且对骡鸭更有效。对于其根本原因,需进一步从分子水平上研究鸭肝的生脂酶基因、与甘油三酯分泌及脂肪分解相关酶基因的表达差异。     

小剂量四氯化碳结合乙醇制备小鼠慢性肝损伤模型

通过腹腔注射70 g/L四氯化碳/橄榄油及自由饮用100 mL/L乙醇建立稳定的小鼠慢性肝损伤模型。选择昆明小鼠25只,试验组15只,对照组10只,试验组腹腔注射70 g/L四氯化碳并自由饮用100mL/L乙醇溶液,连续造模4周。结果试验组小鼠血清中ALT、AST含量明显高于对照组,SOD含量显著低于对照组,病理学切片显示,试验组动物肝脏脂肪细胞增多,并出现少量纤维化。结果表明,小剂量四氯化碳结合乙醇可用于制备小鼠慢性肝损伤模型。     

三角帆蚌肝脏瘟病感染期抑制性消减cDNA文库的构建与分析

采用抑制性消减杂交技术构建了三角帆蚌肝脏瘟病感染期抑制性消减cDNA文库。经检验，差异表达基因均被富集了 2¹⁰倍左右，证明构建的 cDNA 消减文库具有很强的消减效率。PCR 鉴定发现，在随机挑取的阳性克隆中，95% 的克隆均含有 0.2～1.0 kb 的插入片段，这些片段可能是三角帆蚌瘟病病毒感染后差异表达基因的cDNA片段。测序共获得 214 个有效 cDNA 序列，分别属于8 大类，共 98 个基因。其中细胞分裂基因 2个、细胞结构与运动基因 9 个、代谢基因 10 个、信号传导基因 7 个、细胞防疫基因 10 个、基因与蛋白表达基因 20 个、未知功能蛋白基因 26 个，GenBank中找不到任何同源序列的基因 14 个。结果说明，构建的差异表达cDNA文库，可较好地反映三角帆蚌瘟病病毒对三角帆蚌影响的基因信息。     

Liver biopsy techniques for adult horses and neonatal foals to assess copper status

Objective To evaluate standing, percutaneous, ultrasound-guided, transthoracic liver biopsy in mares, and transabdominal, laparoscopically-guided, liver biopsy under general anaesthesia in foals, as techniques for obtaining tissue for assessment of copper status. The techniques were evaluated with respect to ease of use and effect on the animal.
Procedure Twenty of 24 Thoroughbred mares and 21 of their foals were biopsied. The animals were part of a larger study of the effect of copper supplementation on copper status and the prevalence of developmental orthopaedic disease. Livers were also collected from unrelated horses and sampled to investigate the variability in the distribution of copper in liver tissue.
Result The biopsy technique caused no lasting effect on the mares, but there was an increased risk of viscus penetration associated with taking multiple biopsy cores. The use of ultrasonography to scan the target area for the liver identified four cases that were not appropriate candidates for liver biopsy, because of large intestine being located in the biopsy area. In the foals there were no serious postoperative adverse effects, nor was there any evidence of problems caused by the procedure when the abdomen was examined post-mortem at 5 months of age. In livers collected to investigate the variability of copper concentration, copper appeared to be relatively evenly distributed through the liver.
Conclusion Standing, percutaneous, ultrasound-guided, transthoracic liver biopsy in mares, and transabdominal, laparoscopically-guided, liver biopsy under general anaesthesia in foals are convenient procedures for obtaining liver tissue for assessing copper status in horses. The use of ultrasound to identify liver tissue is recommended, especially in older mares.     

基于数据挖掘的肝瘟病阳黄-阴阳黄-阴黄辨证模式用药规律研究

目的 总结“阳黄-阴阳黄-阴黄”辨证模式治疗肝瘟病用药规律。方法 基于“中医临床科研信息一体化技术平台”,制定纳入和排除标准,规则化处理后建立肝瘟病用药数据库,采用频数分析、复杂网络分析、点式互信息等分析方法进行数据挖掘。结果 肝瘟病总体用药频次依次为:茵陈（1 368）,赤芍（1 309）,丹参（1 250）,甘草（1 086）,白术（1 038）等;其中阳黄证以茵陈（1 062）,赤芍（1 016）,丹参（970）,甘草（823）,石菖蒲（796）,白术（760）等为主;阴阳黄证以茵陈（285）,赤芍（272）,白术（268）,丹参（260）,薏苡仁（245）等为主。核心用药中阳黄证为茵陈、赤芍、丹参;阴阳黄证为白术、茵陈、薏苡仁、附子、丹参、赤芍。阳黄、阴阳黄阶段即开始配伍白术、附子等温阳药物。结论 肝瘟病用药总以清热利湿解毒、凉血活血化瘀、益气健脾为主。阳黄证以清热利湿解毒、凉血化瘀为主,阴阳黄证以温阳健脾、活血退黄为主,早期应用温法干预治疗可延缓阴黄化进程。     

一种虫草代谢产物中保肝活性物质的分离和纯化

通过对交织顶孢霉的发酵菌丝粉的生物活性测定,发现其代谢产物可有效降低由肝损伤引起的丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)及脂质过氧化物(LPO)的升高,具有良好的保肝活性.用吸附色谱法、凝胶过滤色谱法等方法对该活性成分进行分离和纯化,并用高效液相色谱法、薄层色谱法和化学方法对其纯度进行检验,得到2个纯物质HG-1和HG-2.